Discrimination, both explicit and implicit, plays a pivotal role in perpetuating gender inequality within the workplace. According to a comprehensive study conducted by Gallup in 2021, the effects of discrimination in the workplace are profound and far-reaching. This research indicates that gender discrimination manifests in various forms, from explicit acts such as unequal pay and biased promotion decisions to more subtle instances of micro-aggressions and exclusion. These discriminatory behaviors not only hinder career progression but also create hostile work environments that adversely affect the well-being and job satisfaction of individuals (Maese and Lloyd).. The study reveals that gender-based discrimination often results in a lack of opportunities and stunted professional growth for women. Explicit discrimination, such as paying women less than their male counterparts for equal work (Figure 3), contributes to substantial income disparities. Furthermore, implicit discrimination, in the form of biased feedback or micro-aggressions, can damage women's self-esteem and motivation, discouraging them from pursuing leadership roles or contributing fully to their organizations (Maese and Lloyd). This creates a cycle of inequality as women are left without adequate representation in positions of power, further reinforcing traditional gender norms that limit their advancement.

Figure 3